Method of treating cylinders and pistons



0. W. GERLEMAN.

METHOD OF TREATING CYLINDERS AND PISTONS. APPLICATION FILED APR. 5, 1920.

1,398,775. Patented Nov. 29, 1921.,

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. 1t is exploded, it i v UNITED STATES PATENT o-F-FicE.

05m w. GERLEMAN, on ST. Louis, mssoum;

,mnrnon'or TREATING CYLINDERS SAND PISTONS.

To all it may 'concem: 4 Be it known thatI, OSCAR W; GERLEMAN, a citizenof the United States, residing. at 110 Improvements in Methods of Treating Cylinders and Pistons, of which the following- 'of combustion engines.

Inasmuch as the pressure producedfby an explosion in the'cylinder of an internal combustion engine varies directly with the -pressureto which the as is compressed before s highly advantageous to procure high compressions. I

In a multi cylinder engine it is also ofextreme importance to have the compressions of all the cylinders equally high '21. e. to have the compression in all the cylinders" the same.

The difliculty does not exist in producing the compression but in keeping it afterit. is produced. The piston ring in the piston is desi'gnedto prevent-loss ofcompression. In the conventional motor this is accom-- plishedonly approximately. What actually happens is that the" compressed gases leak past-the piston into the crank case thereby lessening the. compression and hence the powerand that since the leakage varies in the different cylinders? the/uniformity of compression is not' maintaine'd.

F urthermore'the oil leaks fI'OIIlLthB crank .case past-the 'piston rings into thecylinders' and-combustion chamberin the conventional.

graphite, is inserted when the cylinder 1s motor'causing r0111 plugs the necessity of grinding valves and re orin cylinders; Likewise the unburnt gasolene om the cyl-- inder' leakspast the piston into the crank; case, making the .oilunfit for lubricating pui'poses in the conventionalmotor.

of pre-f invention consists 'n a method venting compression losses,' preventing the oil from leaking. pastthe piston rings, pre- I venting'the necessity of valve grinding and carbon cleaning in the cylinders; reventoperation, as will be ing a mixture of gasolene with the oil in. the

crank case, without a mechanical appliance, or adding any foreign matter to the gasolene or overhauling or mechanicall changing the motor. 1

:eter.

described, pointed out in' the claims and illustrated by the accompanying drawings 7 in which, South Tenth street, St. Louis, State 0'1 Mis-' souri, have invented certain new and useful Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional ele- Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 29, 1921. Application filed April 5, 1920. Seria1'No.371,465.

vation of four cylinders and pistons together with a crankshaft of a conventional internal .combustlon motor.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional elevation of a-portion of one cylinder wall, piston and piston ring showing their relative positions,

Numeral 3 designates a portionof an en-' gine frame, numerals '4, 5, 6, and 7, fourv conventionalcylinders, having four convenj -tional pistons, 8, 9,10, and 11 and four. conventional connectin rods 12, 13, 14, and 15.

Numeral' lfi design tes a portion of a,crank shaft having the journals 17 ,18, 19, and 20 to which the connecting rods 12, 13, 14, and

15 are rotatively secured in the conventional.

manner. Numerals 21, 22, and 23designate three conventional spark'plugs and numeral eratively secured to the \pistons 8, 9, 10 and 11, are positioned' the piston rin s 25, 26, 27 and 28. The spark plugs an compressometerare secured selectively 24 desigiates a conventional compressomin the cylinder- 'heads in. the conventional manner. p

- Novalves, etc., are shown because they are not necessaryto disclose my invention which figur thus far described. Consider cylinder 7, that is according, to my method; The ignition of the engine is made inoperative. The spark plug is removedand through the spark plug opening a small amount of pure flake commencing its compression stroke; The compressometer 1s then mserted in place of may be fully disclosed by reference to the to' 1.. treated the. spark plug. The crankshaft is then manually revolved soas to move piston 11 in the cylinder.

the cylinder. are'reduced until the proper compression is registered on the compressometer.

' Only the purest form of flake :graphites may be used and only'in small amounts It- 'too muchfis used," the piston will be caused-toilstick or freezeto the c linder. The amount varies with the size, an condition oi-the cyl- With .the above purposes view, "my in-. vention consists in certain novel methods of hereinaftermore fully inder and piston rings. An average amount to be used in one cylinder of ordinary size is three grains by weight. Usually one application is suflicient but never more than three arev necessary. I mean-by additional applications, the removing of the compressometer and the insertion of more graphite. This same operation is repeated with each cylinder until all the compressions are alike and a maximum pressure which is practically obtainable in such engines is obtained.

The-reasons for these results are resident in the fact that when the graphite is inserted as described, it is split up into fine particles and is held in suspension in the air. The movement of the piston rubs the graphite into the cylinder Walls and into the external surface of the piston rings forming an absolutely smooth and solid surface 29 on both. Within the range of temperature in such cylinders as described the graphite Will act as a perfect lubricant, decreasingthe coefficient of friction between the cylinder wall and the pistonhrings and at the same time preventing leakage of the gases or oil or gasolene past the piston. The success of the operation depends principally on the amount of flake graphite employed' and on its purity. The graphite fills up the pores of the surfaces on which it lodges and brings about the results claimed principally for that reason.-

' Between two and three grains per cylinder must be used and no more. This process forms a film over the cylinder Walls and the piston rings which I have shown by shaded lines (enlarged). The graphite in suspension in cylinder 7 is indicated by small dots.

What I claim'and mean to secure by Letters-Patent is, a i

1. A method of the character described which consists in introducing relatively small amounts of flake graphite into acylinder, and moving the piston in reciprocating manner, until the graphite has impregnated the cylinder walls and piston ring surfaces until proper pressure is obtained.

2. A method of the character described which consists in introducing through the spark plug aperture of a cylinder three grains or less by weight of chemically pure flake graphite into a cylinder when the piston is at the beginning of its compression stroke, inserting pressure registration means in the spark plug aperture and moving the piston in a reciprocating manner in the cylinder in such a way as not to open the exhaust valve in the cylinder and until the proper compression is obtained and the cylinder walls and piston ring surfaces are thoroughly impregnated with the flake' graphite.

I In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

OSCARYW. GERLEMAN. 

